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Planty is one of the largest city parks in Kraków, Poland. It encircles the Stare Miasto (''Old Town''), where the Medieval city walls used to stand until the early 19th century. The historic Old Town is not to be confused with the Administrative District No. 1 Stare Miasto extending further east. The park has an area of and a length of . It consists of a chain of thirty smaller gardens designed in varied styles and adorned with numerous monuments and fountains. The park forms a scenic walkway popular with Cracovians. In summer, sprinkled with ponds and refreshment stalls, it is a cool and shady retreat from the nearby bustling streets.〔Andrew Beattie, (From the Piast Church to the Holy Cross Church ) Landmark Publishing, page 40.〕 Most historic sites of the old Kraków are located inside the Planty-park-belt along the Royal Road ((ポーランド語:Droga Królewska)) crossing the park from the medieval suburb of Kleparz – through Florian Gate – at the northern flank of the old city walls.〔(St. Florian's Church ) at (www.krakow4u.pl )〕〔(''Rick Steves' Europe Through the Back Door 2008'' ), Avalon Publishing, page 539.〕 The historic Wawel Castle at the Wawel Hill, adjacent to Vistula River meander, form the southernmost border of Planty. ==History== The green belt was established in place of the medieval walls between 1822–1830 as part of the urban development projects to preserve the concept of a "garden city". By the beginning of the 19th century the expanding city had begun to outgrow the confines of the old defensive walls. The walls had been falling into disrepair due to lack of maintenance after the Partitions of Poland. As a result, Emperor Franz I of Austro-Hungary ordered the dismantling of the old fortifications. However, in 1817 Professor Feliks Radwański of Jagiellonian University managed to convince the Session of the Senate of the Republic of Kraków to legislate the partial preservation of the old fortifications, namely, the Florian Gate and the adjoining Barbican, one of only three such fortified outposts still surviving in Europe.〔Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2002-2009, (The Sites on the UNESCO List. ) Krakow, at (Poland.gov.pl )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Planty Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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